Sensor comparison for grass growth estimation [Professional]

Paper Introduction

Precision agriculture has been implemented in various cultivation operations for various crops. Recently, autonomous mower tractor with variable rate fertilization has been tried. Variable rate fertilization requires quantification of grass growth level.

Figure 1: Grass growth estimation system on the mower tractor.

Objective of this study was to compare the performance of potential sensors under different growth levels and sensor operation conditions. A CCD camera, an ultrasonic module, and an optical reflectance sensor (i.e., Crop Circle) were tested at fields with different grass growth levels. Effects of sensor mounting height and angle were investigated. Effects of vehicle (i.e., mower tractor) vibration and traveling were also investigated: under static, vibration and no traveling, and vibration with traveling conditions.

Figure 2: Specifications of the sensors used in the study

Results showed that sensor mounting height had a little effect on the sensor performance, and grass growth level was successfully quantified. Camera angle of 90° showed the best performance with less noise. The ultrasonic sensor could work with less deviation under static condition, whereas, CCD camera proved the applicability under all operating conditions.

Figure 3: Satellite images of the experimental fields and representative sample areas.

Operation condition of the optical reflectance sensor showed a little effect on the grass growth detection results. This study would provide information useful for automated grass growth mapping and variable fertilization recommendation.^[1]